Enhancing students’ understanding and motivation during Covid-19 pandemic by development of virtual laboratory: Research Article

Agung Panji Sasmito; Putri Sekarsari

doi:10.36681/

Authors

Agung Panji Sasmito Institut Teknologi Nasional Malang https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0368-8440
Putri Sekarsari Politeknik Negeri Malang

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.36681/

Keywords:

Learning media, virtual laboratory, exothermic and endothermic reactions, effective learning, motivation

Abstract

One of the obstacles that occur in Chemistry learning is low student motivation due to monotonous media. Another thing that currently becomes an obstacle is the Covid-19 pandemic which limits face-to-face learning. However, Chemistry practicum learning in the laboratory is difficult to carry out at students' homes. The purpose of the study is to develop a virtual laboratory, the validity and effectiveness of which are measured, to increase students' understanding and motivation in Chemistry, the topic of exothermic and endothermic reactions. The 4D model is used in the development of learning media in the form of a virtual laboratory. The validity of virtual laboratory products is confirmed by media experts and material experts in their fields. Product effectiveness was measured using a posttest-only control group design with two groups of students involving 63 students. Data collection was carried out through questionnaires, tests, and interviews, with descriptive analysis for the results of validation of the learning media and pilot test and t-tests for testing the effectiveness of virtual laboratories. The results showed that the virtual laboratory is easy to use and has feedback at the end of the practicum simulation so that the virtual laboratory can be applied as a valid and effective learning media in increasing student understanding and motivation.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Aini, Q., Zuliana, S.R. & Santoso, N.P.L. 2018. Management Measurement Scale As A Reference To Determine Interval In A Variable. Aptisi Transactions on Management (ATM), 2(1): 45–54.

Ambusaidi, A., Al Musawi, A., Al-Balushi, S. & Al-Balushi, K. 2018. The impact of virtual lab learning experiences on 9th grade students’ achievement and their attitudes towards science and learning by virtual lab. Journal of Turkish Science Education, 15(2): 13–29.

Bima, M., Saputro, H. & Efendy, A. 2021. Virtual Laboratory to Support a Practical Learning of Micro

Power Generation in Indonesian Vocational High Schools. Open Engineering, 11(1): 508–518.

Blackburn, R.A.R., Villa-Marcos, B. & Williams, D.P. 2019. Preparing Students for Practical Sessions Using Laboratory Simulation Software. Journal of Chemical Education, 96(1): 153–158.

Borchardt, R., Moran, C., Cantrill, S., Chemjobber, Oh, S.A. & Hartings, M.R. 2018. Perception of the importance of chemistry research papers and comparison to citation rates. PLoS ONE, 1–14. Tersedia di https://figshare.com/articles/Borchardt_Hartings_JACSChallenge_Data_xlsx/5187529.

Chassignol, M., Khoroshavin, A., Klimova, A. & Bilyatdinova, A. 2018. Artificial Intelligence trends in education: A narrative overview. Procedia Computer Science, 136: 16–24. Tersedia di https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2018.08.233.

Chinaka, T.W. 2021. Introducing the second law of thermodynamics using Legitimation Code Theory among first year chemistry students. Cypriot Journal of Educational Sciences, 16(3): 981–994.

Chyung, S.Y.Y., Roberts, K., Swanson, I. & Hankinson, A. 2017. Evidence-Based Survey Design: The Use of a Midpoint on the Likert Scale. Performance Improvement, 56(10): 15–23.

Creswell, J.W. 2012. Educational Research Planning, Conducting, and Evaluating Quantitative and Qualitative Research. Boston: Pearson.

Derrick, B., Toher, D. & White, P. 2017. How to compare the means of two samples that include paired observations and independent observations: A companion to Derrick, Russ, Toher and White (2017). The Quantitative Methods for Psychology, 13(2): 120–126.

Diwanji, P., Hinkelmann, K. & Witschel, H.F. 2018. Enhance classroom preparation for flipped classroom using AI and analytics. ICEIS 2018 - Proceedings of the 20th International Conference on Enterprise Information Systems, 1(Iceis 2018): 477–483.

Faour, M.A., Ayoubi, Z. & The, Z. 2018. The Effect of Using Virtual Laboratory on Grade 10 Students’ Conceptual Understanding and their Attitudes towards Physics. Journal of Education in Science Environment and Health, 4(1): 54–68.

Faulconer, E.K. & Gruss, A.B. 2018. A review to weigh the pros and cons of online, remote, and distance science laboratory experiences. International Review of Research in Open and Distance Learning, 19(2): 155–168.

Fraser, J., Fahlman, D., Arscott, J. & Guillot, I. 2018. Pilot testing for feasibility in a study of student retention and attrition in online undergraduate programs. International Review of Research in Open and Distance Learning, 19(1): 260–278. Future of the Chemical Sciences. 38. Royal Society of CHemistry.

Geisinger, K.F., Shaw, L.H. & McCormick, C. 2012. The validation of tests in higher education. C. Secolsky & D.B. Denison, ed., Handbook on measurement, assessment, and evaluation in higher education. New York, hal.194–207.

Gerald, B. 2018. A Brief Review of Independent, Dependent and One Sample t-test. International Journal of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, 4(2): 50.

Ghavifekr, S. & Rosdy, W.A.W. 2015. Teaching and learning with technology: Effectiveness of ICT integration in schools. International Journal of Research in Education and Science, 1(2): 175–191.

Go, L.C., Depan, D., Holmes, W.E., Gallo, A., Knierim, K., Bertrand, T. & Hernandez, R. 2020. Kinetic and thermodynamic analyses of the corrosion inhibition of synthetic extracellular polymeric substances. PeerJ Materials Science, 2: e4.

Gunawan, G., Nisrina, N., Suranti, N.M.Y., Herayanti, L. & Rahmatiah, R. 2018. Virtual Laboratory to Improve Students’ Conceptual Understanding in Physics Learning. Journal of Physics: Conference Series.

Hamed, G. & Aljanazrah, A. 2020. the Effectiveness of Using Virtual Experiments on Students’ Learning in the General Physics Lab. Journal of Information Technology Education: Research, 19: 977–996.

Hanna, N. 2018. A role for the state in the digital age. Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, 7(5): 1– 16.

Heliawati, L. & Rubini, B. 2020. The Effectiveness of Stem-Modeling- based E-Modules of Voltaic Cell- Material on Creativity and Concept Mastery through Online Learning. International Journal of Innovation, Creativity and Change, 13(7): 783–798.

Hern{ndez, J.B. & Chalela, S. 2017. Research Trends in the Study of ICT Based Learning Communities : A Bibliometric Analysis. EURASIA Journal of Mathematics Science and Technology Education, 8223(5): 1539–1562.

Hernandez, R.M. 2017. Impact of ICT on Education : Challenges and Perspectives. Propósitos y Representaciones, 5(1).

Hewson, E.R.F. 2018. Students’ emotional engagement, motivation and behaviour over the life of an online course: Reflections on two market research case studies. Journal of Interactive Media in Education, 2018(1): 1–13.

Hinampas, R.T., Murillo, C.R., Tan, D.A. & Layosa, R.U. 2018. Blended learning approach: Effect on students’ academic achievement and practical skills in science laboratories. International Journal of Scientific and Technology Research, 7(11): 63–69.

Imaduddin, M. & Hidayah, F.F. 2019. Redesigning laboratories for pre-service chemistry teachers: From cookbook experiments to inquiry-based science, environment, technology, and society approach. Journal of Turkish Science Education, 16(4): 489–507.

Irwanto, Rohaeti, E. & Widjajanti, E. 2017. Students ’ science process skill and analytical thinking ability in chemistry learning Students ’ Science Process Skill and Analytical Thinking Ability in Chemistry Learning. AIP Conference Proceedings.

Khan, T., Johnston, K. & Ophoff, J. 2019. The Impact of an Augmented Reality Application on Learning Motivation of Students. Advances in Human-Computer Interaction, 2019.

Kinnunen, P., Lampiselkä, J., Meisalo, V. & Malmi, L. 2016. Research on teaching and learning in Physics and Chemistry in NorDiNa Papers. Nordic Studies in Science Education, 12(1): 3–20.

Kubiatko, M. 2015. Is chemistry attractive for pupils?: Czech pupils’ perception of chemistry. Eurasia Journal of Mathematics, Science and Technology Education, 11(4): 855–863.

Lansangan, R.V. 2020. Teaching Junior High School Chemistry During the COVID-19 Community Quarantine Season: Lessons, Challenges, And Opportunities. Kimika, 31(1): 20–37.

Lay, A.-N. & Osman, K. 2018. Developing 21 st Century Chemistry Learning through Designing Digital To cite this article : Developing 21 st Century Chemistry Learning through Designing Digital Games. Journal of Education in Science, Environment and Health, 4(1). Tersedia di www.jeseh.net.

LeCompte, M.D. & Aguilera-Black Bear, D.E. 2012. Revisiting Reliability and Validity in Higher Education Research and Program Evaluation. C. Secolsky & D.B. Denison, ed., Handbook on Measurement, Assessment, and Evaluation in Higher Education. New York, hal.613–636. Tersedia di https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/9780203142189.

Leite, L. & Dourado, L. 2013. Laboratory Activities, Science Education and Problem-solving Skills. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 106(2013): 1677–1686.

Lestiyanawati, R. & Widyantoro, A. 2020. Strategies and Problems Faced by Indonesian Teachers in Conducting E- Learning System During COVID-19 Outbreak. Journal of culture, literature, linguistic and english teaching, 2(1): 71–82.

Mailizar, Almanthari, A., Maulina, S. & Bruce, S. 2020. Secondary school mathematics teachers’ views on e-learning implementation barriers during the COVID-19 pandemic: The case of Indonesia. Eurasia Journal of Mathematics, Science and Technology Education, 16(7).

Miyamoto, M., Milkowski, D.M., Young, C.D. & Lebowicz, L.A. 2019. Developing a Virtual Lab to Teach Essential Biology Laboratory Techniques. Journal of Biocommunication, 43(1): 23–31.

Morell, P.D. & Carroll, J.B. 2010. Conducting Educational Research A primer for Teachers and Administrators. Rotterdam: Sense Publishers.

Musawi, A. Al, Ambusaidi, A., Al-Balushi, S., Al-Sinani, M. & Al-Balushi, K. 2017. Effectiveness of Learning with 3D-Lab on Omani Basic Education Students’ Achievement, Attitudes and Scientific Thinking. Journal of Education and Training Studies, 5(11): 177.

Nasution, W.N. 2018. The Effects Of Inquiry-Based Learning Approach And Emotional Intelligence On Students’ Science Achievement Levels. Journal of Turkish Science Education, 15(4): 104–115.

OECD 2019. Fostering Science and Innovation in the Digital Age. (March).

Olakanmi, E.E. 2016. Promoting Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivation among Chemistry Students Using Computer-assisted Instruction. International Journal of Educational Sciences, 12(02): 25–46.

Orvis, J., Sturges, D., Tysinger, P.D., Riggins, K. & Landge, S. 2018. A Culture of Extrinsically Motivated Students: Chemistry. Journal of the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning, 18(1): 43–57.

Petrov, P.D. & Atanasova, T. V. 2020. The Effect of augmented reality on students’ learning performance in stem education. Information (Switzerland), 11(4).

Poulsen, T. 2010. Introduction to Chemistry. CK-Foundation.

Rahmawati, L., Supardi, K.I. & Sulistyaningsih, T. 2019. Contextual Teaching and Learning Integrated with Character Education to Improve Student’s Motivation and Character in Concentration of Solutions Topic at <. Journal of Innovative …, 8(3): 239–247. Tersedia di https://journal.unnes.ac.id/sju/index.php/jise/article/view/27910.

Rizki, Y. 2018. The Influence of Virtual Chemistry Laboratory Media on Students’ Understanding of Submicroscopic Level and Student Activity Grade XI. 3rd Annual International Seminar on Transformative Education and Educational Leadership (AISTEEL 2018) The. hal.520–524.

Rohim, F. 2020. Need Analysis of Virtual Laboratories For Science Education In Jambi, Indonesia. Jurnal Sains Sosio Humaniora, 4(2): 744–755.

Salmerón-Manzano, E. & Manzano-Agugliaro, F. 2018. The higher education sustainability through virtual laboratories: The Spanish University as case of study. Sustainability (Switzerland), 10(11).

Sari, S., Anjani, R., Farida, I. & Ramdhani, M.A. 2017. Using Android-Based Educational Game for Learning Colloid Material Using Android-Based Educational Game for Learning Colloid Material. International Conference on Mathematics and Science Education (ICMScE).

Sari, Sinaga, P., Hernani & Solfarina 2020. Chemistry Learning via Distance Learning during the Covid-19 Pandemic. Tadris: Jurnal Keguruan dan Ilmu Tarbiyah, 5(1): 155–165.

Sarıoğlu, S. & Girgin, S. 2020. The Effect of Using Virtual Reality in 6th Grade Science Course the Cell Topic on Students’ Academic Achievements and Attitudes towards the Course. Journal of Turkish Science Education, 17(1): 109–125.

Sharifov, M. 2020. Review Of Prevailing Trends , Barriers And Future Perspectives Of Learning Management Systems (LMSS) In Higher Institutions. The Online Journal of New Horizons in Education, 10(3): 166–173.

Simons, M., Meeus, W. & T’Sas, J. 2017. Measuring Media Literacy for Media Education: Development of a Questionnaire for Teachers’ Competencies. Journal of Media Literacy Education, 9(1): 99–115.

Sirakaya, M. & Cakmak, E.K. 2018. Effects of augmented reality on student achievement and selfefficacy in vocational education and training. International Journal for Research in Vocational Education and Training, 5(1): 1–18.

Suardana, I.Ny., Redhana, I.W., Sudiatmika, A.A.I.A.R. & Selamat, I.N. 2018. Students ’ Critical Thinking Skills in Chemistry Learning Using Local Culture-Based 7E Learning Cycle Model. International Journal of Instr, 11(2): 399–412.

Sutarti, T. & Irawan, E. 2017. Kiat Sukses Meraih Hibah Penelitian Pengembangan. Yogyakarta: Budi Utama.

Syahfitri, F.D., Manurung, B., Sudibyo, M., Gunawan, G., Suranti, N.M.Y., Nisrina, N., Herayanti, L., Online, R., Gamage, K.A.A., Wijesuriya, D.I. & Ekanayake, S.Y. 2020. The Development of Problem Based Virtual Laboratory Media to Improve Science Process Skills of Students in Biology. International Journal of Research & Review, 6(6): 64–74.

Thiagarajan, S., Semmel, D.S. & Semmel, M.I. 1974. Instructional Development for Training Teachers of Exceptional Children: A Sourcebook. Minneapolis: Leadership Training Institute/Special Education, University of Minnesota.

Wahid, R., Pribadi, F. & Wakas, B.E. 2020. Digital Activism : Covid-19 Effects in Campus Learning. Budapest International Research and Critics in Lingustics and Education, 3(3): 1336–1342.

Wahono, R.S. 2006. Aspek dan Kriteria Penilaian Media Pembelajaran. Tersedia di http://romisatriawahono.net/2006/06/21/aspek-dan-kriteria-penilaian-media-pembelajaran.

Wiesböck, F. & Hess, T. 2018. Understanding the Capabilities for Digital Innovations from a Digital Technology Perspective. Munich.

Willis, J. 1995. A Recursive, Reflective Instructional Design Model Based on ConstructivistInterpretivist. Educational Technology Publications, Inc. Technology, 35(6): 5–23. Tersedia di https://www.jstor.org/stable/44428302?seq=1&cid=pdf-reference#references_tab_contents.

Yarnall, L. & Ostrander, J. 2012. The Assessment of 21st-Century Skills in Community College Career and Technician Education Program. C. Secolsky & D.B. Denison, ed., Handbook on Measurement, Assessment, and Evaluation in Higher Education. New York, hal.277–295.

Yusuf, Y. 2017. Learning Chemistry by ICT (Virtual Animation) at Maumere High School, East Nusa Tenggara. JETL (Journal Of Education, Teaching and Learning), 2(1): 67.

Yüzbaşıoğlu, H.B., Yüzbaşıoğlu, M.K. & Kurnaz, M.A. 2021. Prospective Classroom Teachers ’ Views on Out -of-School Learning Activities Before and During the Covid-19 Outbreak. Journal ofTurkish Science Education, 18(Special Issue): 91–107.